Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior Review Essay Example

Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior Review Paper Essay on Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior Works of Christopher Alexander for the past forty years have a major impact on the bright minds of leaders of the software industry. Although references to Alexanders book is the first in the computer literature, dates back to 1969 year in the book by Ed Yourdon and Allister Cockburn, Alexanders ideas remained in the shadows, and were not available to the general computing public, until the mid-nineties, before the release of the famous book Gang of Four. It was out of this book marked the beginning of a new era in our industry, the era of all kinds of patterns. The idea of ​​public templates so much that she has been gaining more and more area. So there were patterns of realization (implementation patterns), asynchronous programming patterns, enterprise application templates, implementation of distributed application templates and many others. Despite its widespread patterns remained the prerogative of the architect and the developer, not the manager. But over the past few years, this picture began to change. Following the book of James Copley and Neil Harrison, a book by Tom DeMarco, Tim Lister and others with the intriguing title Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior., Dedicated to the patterns of behavior of software projects The book consists of 86 patterns. each of which takes about 2-3 pages and describes a certain situation, one way or another associated with the condition or behavior of the software project. The first pattern is a pattern in the book adrenaline junkie (Adrenaline Junkies), which describes a state of the project, in which it is considered that mad activity is a sign of a healthy productivity. Project staff have to constantly switch from one task to another, and not bringing any of them to their logical conclusion. The last template in the book is a template Zombies templates (Template Zombies), when the project team allows the work to manage templates, rather than to think the process necessary to complete the project. This template describes the opposite situation, in which the shape becomes more important than the content. Between these two patterns are arranged pattern 84 remaining anyway describe the behavior or state of the project. Although these two patterns are not something unique, they are part of the title of the book and they are shown on the cover of the book in the form of comic men. We will write a custom essay sample on Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer  «Most of the participants of the project quite well versed in pattern recognition and have an internal intuition ( I feel that this project will be a trouble), but not so well versed in the compilation of patterns in a more convenient form. This book is about. We, the six authors have collected all his experience for the presentation templates that we have learned over the common one hundred and fifty years of experience.  » With the release of this book, each participant an opportunity to describe the state of the project the behavior of using the language templates , just a few words exactly making it clear to his companion, the condition of the project and its team. And who knows, maybe in a few years, books will be plenty of fans, and it will be called nothing but a gang of six ».

Sample Short Answer on Soccer for Common Application

Sample Short Answer on Soccer for Common Application College applications often include a short essay that asks you to elaborate on your most meaningful extracurricular activity or work experience. The Common Application used to require a short answer response of 150 words or fewer, and today many schools have retained the short answer in the supplemental essay section. The question will often ask something straight-forward like this: Briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences. Features of a Weak Short Answer The short answer repeats similar ideas in slightly different words.The essay employs vague language.The response is filled with clichà ©s and predictable language.The response doesnt explain why the activity is important to the author. Short should not be confused with unimportant. When a college has holistic admissions, every piece of the application is important since the admissions folks want to get to know you as a whole person. The short answer needs to convey your passion for something you do, and it should also explain why the activity is important to you. In this sample short answer response, Gwen writes about her passion for soccer, but she makes many common mistakes in the process. Sample Short Answer Response by Gwen Simply put, I love soccer. I love being part of a team of girls who go out there and give their all, heart and soul, in every game. We truly are a family in our team. I love being a part of that family and taking a leadership role, both on and off the field. Soccer has also helped me be a better leader in student organizations and class work, where I take a proactive role. Whether it is a good defensive block or scoring the winning goal, soccer is an empowering part of my life, and I would not be the person I am today without it. Critique of Gwens Short Answer Response Gwens short answer response is not terrible- the language is easy to read and Gwens love of soccer comes across forcefully. However, Gwens response does have several problems: The language is repetitive. Gwen says I love three times, and she repeats the ideas of family and leadership twice.The languge is vague. What does Gwen mean when she says she takes a proactive role? What is her leadership role? What exactly does she mean when she says soccer made her the person I am today?Some language is clichà ©. Phrases like heart and soul and scoring the winning goal appear in far too many essays about sports.The response is short and doesnt say much. The typical 150-word limit isnt much space in which to elaborate on an activity, yet Gwens response is just 540 characters/108 words (and, as noted, those words are repetitive and vague). Gwen hasnt used the short answer to her advantage. Gwen does sound like a perfectly pleasant and enthusiastic student who works well with a team, but her response could be so much stronger. We finish her short answer response without a clear sense of the type of leader she is or what leadership roles she has assumed. Theres nothing concrete here to illustrate how soccer has made her a stronger person and better student. A Final Word on Short Answer Responses To see what a stronger short answer response looks like, be sure to check out Christies essay on running and Joels response on his job at Burger King. Christies response shows how an athletic activity can be presented more effectively than Gwen does, and Joel shows how a relatively unenjoyable activity- a fast food job- can still prove meaningful and valuable. Dont be misled by the word short. You should put plenty of time and care into this type of little essay. Work to follow the guidelines for a winning short answer, and be sure to steer clear of common short answer mistakes.

Innovative Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Innovative Behaviour - Essay Example However, some cost reductions may work against the company. Plus, there are other evidences that small companies can overtake the big companies because of innovation. And, another good example of innovation is the case of Xerox and the small copiers. Plainly, companies should not innovate and reduce production costs blindly. Plus, another clear example of innovation is the RCA radio fallout. Finally, managers must forget the outdated and outmoded management strategies. Section four entitled Strategic Innovation and Firm Size stated that Large firms can easily innovate as compared to smaller firms. Large firms have more capital to infuse into innovative changes because many smaller firms lack the money to invest in many innovative changes. Likewise, clients prefer to deal with large firms as compared to smaller firms because large firms bring a symbol of stability and financial strength. Large firms also have the much -needed idle cash that it could use to infuse into research and development of new products and processes. Many smaller firms do not have the luxury of having excess money for researching and developing new products and processes. Likewise, large firms often market more diverse products than many smaller companies. Clearly, Large firms can easily innovate as compared to smaller firms. Further, many smaller firms can easily innovate. ... For example, a single proprietorship owner can immediately decide whether to set up another branch in another city or not because he is only responsible for himself. On the other hand. Many of the managers of large firms have to present their plans to set up a new branch in another city to the board of directors for approval. The board of directors many even ask for the bold and expansionist manager to present his or her feasibility study. Evidently, many smaller firms can easily innovate. Also, there are many factors that constrain large companies to innovate faster than small companies. One such factor is the board of directors. the board of directors will then take a longer time to decide among themselves whether to approve the manager's plans to expand to a new territory. This only shows that there is lesser flexibility in the large firms as compared to the smaller firms. Many of the research and development department of large firms are usually over -organised to the point where there is lesser elbow room to innovate. Smaller firms can easily flex its marketing muscles and the smaller firm's officers can all all facets of the business due to its small size. On the other hand, It is normal for one person to only see one facet of the entire business because of the sheer size of the company. Surely, there are many factors that constrain large companies to innovate faster than small companies. For example, some big companies have lesser elbow room to innovate. The big firm's marketing manager is only responsible for reaching the company quota in terms of sales. The big firm's production manager is too focused on meeting the minimum number of units that the marketing department

Autism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Autism - Essay Example This paper approves that this theory alludes to the notion that autistic children fail to understand the thoughts and opinions of others. Moreover, they have difficulties in understanding other the attitudes and emotions of their parents and peers. This theory has been used to test typical children and those with mental retardation; its phenomenon seems to be distinctive for autistic children. The theory appears to be independent of intelligence. Interestingly, pre- primary children with autism have trouble understanding when others do not have an answer to their question. They are likely to get upset. These children do not realize that other people are different from them and this result to difficulties in communication and social interactions as earlier explained. Additionally, they may have difficulties understanding how to react in different situations and seem to be overly distracted at all time. This report makes a conclusion that parents or caregivers first spot symptoms of autism in the first three years of a child’s life. As earlier stated, autism is a broad-spectrum condition which means that exactly no two children will exhibit the same symptoms. In other words, autistic children have shortfalls in the following imaginative play, social awareness and verbal and non- verbal communication. The precise cause of autism is not known. Previous studies have revealed that children have a genetic inclination to autism, which means that they are predisposed to develop this condition passed on from their parents. There is ongoing research on the genes contributing to increased vulnerability. Other studies have revealed that autism develops in the uterus from an interference of early brain development. Event if there is no cure for the condition now, early detection and treatment allows for comparatively normal development of the child and reduces manifestation of undesirabl e behavior. Treatment entails special education, occupational therapy, occupational therapy, behavior modification, speech therapy and specific types of medication that manage some of the symptoms of the condition (Towel, 2013). On the other hand, medications cannot treat the basic symptoms of the condition although they can greatly manage seizures, depression, inability to focus and high energy levels. Identification of an autistic child Like all other diseases, autism has key symptoms. The signs and symptoms of the condition are diverse as it effects. Some pre- primary children may have difficult obstacles to overcome while some may present mild impairments. The bottom line is every autistic child has problems in the following areas. Thoughts and behaving flexibly, social interaction and verbal and non- verbal communication/ There are varying opinions among caregivers, health practitioners and parents on the causes and treatment of the disorder, and there is a lot that is not know n. Nevertheless, it can be agreed on that early identification and intervention makes a huge difference in an autistic child’s life (Towel, 2013). Once the child has any of these

Business Plan College Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Business Plan College - Assignment Example Those skills support Master Minder's goals. The UK's changing demographics have led to families becoming more fragmented with parents of young children often finding they have little or no close family support when they start a family. But professional babysitting agencies are an emerging business trend as they provide a cheap form of childcare and represent an attractive option for busy mothers who need help not only with childcare but also with light house hold duties. Childcare provision in the UK is a clearly segmented market, as a result of legislation and constantly changing market needs. British parents pay high childcare bills and despite Government initiatives and tax changes, there is a growing need for the expansion of private sector services. Service, price and reputation are essential success factors in the childcare services industry. Master Minders will compete well in this industry by offering competitive prices, high-quality childcare services and by maintaining an excellent reputation with parents and the community we serve. We will start our business on the First January 2009.We project healthy revenues and a high net profit for the four first years. The high profit will help the company to achieve its long-term goal which is to franchise and/or to become multi-location. Master Minder's mission is to contribute to the community by filling a need for specialized baby sitters. The company will provide baby sitters with a safe and independent environment. Close personal attention to each child is essential to providing a quality experience for all children; therefore, adequate personnel will be hired to ensure each child has the proper supervision whilst in our care. I.2. Objectives Master Minder's objectives are: To serve clients with needs for select, specialized baby sitters rather than clerical or light industrial baby sitters. To create a service based operation whose primary goal is to exceed customer's expectations. To increase the number of client's served by 10% each year. To develop a sustainable, profitable, start-up business. The long-term goal of the company is to franchise and/or to become multi-location, and eventually sell this business. I.3 Keys to success Keys to success for the company will include: Maintaining a high reputation in the community. Quality care by trainee program for our baby sitters. Maintaining and controlling cost to assure a sustainable profitable business. Offering flexible hours and competitive pricing, discounts and advantages to our customers to gain their loyalty. Master Minders is a temporary and permanent placement baby sitter agency working solely with skilled, professional baby sitters. Master Minders differs from other temporary and permanent placement agencies because of our skilled baby sitters and the variety of its services. Master Minders will be located in Reading. Master Minders will provide Baby sitters and Mother's Help Master Minders does the following for each

History Of The Work Breakdown Structure Information Technology Essay

History Of The Work Breakdown Structure Information Technology Essay Projects developed with available time and budget are more useful for own as well as customers satisfaction. This process is completed through the mechanisms of planning, monitoring and also re-planning. This report supports the project scheduling, planning and analysis methodologies, modeling concepts and analysis technique. The report is presented using a theoretical contribution on process simulation to assist design planning. We have highlighted the design planning using Microsoft Project Design with key challenges of project management. The Microsoft Project is a flexible and competent program designed to administrate the projects and help to plan effectively. We can organize the lists of task and set the time frame and facilitates with quick planning of projects. Large and complex projects are more significant for the project management. The consequence decisions of projects as how the project is managed and role of the managers are portrayed. When the schedule is tight more need is magnified. Technical design of projects requires different skills and for the complex projects the technical aspects are out these areas which need to be well managed. For this reason project management is more emphasized backed by the specialized resources. The management team is responsible for the development, designing and delivery of the projects. Our project is based on the case study of the Pharmaceutical industrys Software development in Switzerland. Pharmaceutical industry management needed the software development for their indigenous business and in other countries of the world. It also addresses all the critical processes and operations which are required for its performance and successful business. The management system approaches to quality management and all the successful operations of Pharmaceutical industry. In this process the decommissioning of the business is considered to achieve the mandate and objectives. Work breakdown Structure Work breakdown structure (WBS) defines the total scope of our project. The WBS subdivides the project into smaller and manageable piece of work. This concept of the WBS is used to produce the work packages scheduled, cost estimated, monitored and controlled. The development team uses the WBS from the previous projects and works as a template for new project. The WBS involves the following activities Identifying the deliverable and other related work; Organizing and structuring the WBS; The decomposing of the upper work breakdown structure into lower level detailed components; Assigning and developing the identification codes to WBS. Finally verifying the degree of decomposition which is necessary and sufficient. Schedules Projects are complex endeavors and plan is a necessary guide for the execution of the project. The progress of the project is recorded on a project and remaining work is reassessed in the light of new information. It is rare that execution of a project proceeds as initially set plans. The purpose of the scheduling is to show a road map that when and how the project will deliver the products in the limits of the scope defined by the project team. For the project management planning and analysis the scheduling is one of the basic requirements. Its main aim is to set the time for the required project. The project management sets the time to complete the project. The management team engaged with our project manages the processes as given following. Many activities are performed by the management team accomplishing the project undertaken. Activity: To produce the deliverable projects many specific schedule activities are identified. Activity sequencing: The schedule activities are dependent and activity sequencing identifies these dependencies among the schedule activities. Activity resource estimating: This type of activity defines the resources to perform these schedule activities. Activity duration estimating: It identifies the number of work periods which are entirely needed to complete the individual schedule activity. Schedule Development: The process of analyzing the activity sequences, resources requirement, durations, and other schedule constraints required to create the project schedule. Schedule Control: It controls the changes made in project schedule. For our project we use the Microsoft Project 2010 where Gantt chart gives us visual representation. It represents the tasks and products deliverable within the time specified in schedule. It also provides the roadmap to execute the product its delivery, tracking the changes and also managing the changes. Microsoft Project Management has very powerful tools in it to perform the activities very quickly as in figure 1. Fig 1: Project professional 2010 We can manage the schedule tasking manually using the Project Professional 2010. Fig 2: Improved Top to down scheduling Managing team has option to schedule the task automatically as shown in figure 2. The design and developments tasks of our project are scheduled automatically. The project professional 2010 is more useful for the business managers and productivity of project. The concept of Precedence Diagramming Method (PMD) is used to represent the activities and show the dependencies of the activities with sign of arrows. There are four types of dependencies or called as precedence relationships. Finish-to-Start: Successor activity starts which depends upon the completion of predecessor activity. Finish-to-Finish: the completion of the successor activity depends upon the completion of predecessor activity. Start-to-Start: The successor activity starts and depends upon the completion of the predecessor activity. Start-to-Finish: The completion of the successor activity depends upon the beginning of the predecessor activities. Time constraints are very important during the schedule development. Start and Finish activities can be restricted by imposing the dates which affects the completion of the activities. Many other constraints are also present in the project management software but in our case Start No earlier than and theFinish no later than constraints are specifically used. Project customer, sponsor and stakeholders dictate the major milestones and affect the certain deliverable components to a specific date. The scheduled dates become the expected dates and only can be changed through the approval. Milestones only provide the schedules interface and are not part of the project data base. Fig 3: Milestone and Tasks Project is actually a list of tasks and manager reports and keeps track of it. Our project is broken into phases by the managers and completion of these tasks is called as milestone. Milestone of our projects are documented at the end of each phase which reduces the project operating cost. Planning and Control The planning process consists of the project maturity, scope, development and project management plan and schedule of project activities occurring within project. While control techniques are used to compare the actual performance with planned performance. It also analyses the variances and trend assessment to improve the process improvements and recommending the adequate corrective actions required. Monitoring and Controlling a Project When a project is planned then it requires to be started according to plan. Formal changes in plan are permitted and customers are informed about this change. If this process is not completed then it is not possible to get the approval for the extension of time. In our case the monitoring project ensures: development of the required products is ensured The required standard and quality are being met Products are ready in time according to the budget and planned resources Business case is achieved by the project products Using the planning and scheduling software three components are measured as Time, Resources and cost Planning Time Resources Cost The analysis of the project schedule is not taken lightly. Budget and timeline are the basic measures to analyze the quality of schedule. The budget and timeline are kept on track, if it is not on track then manager takes immediate action to cure the problem. For the project schedule a baseline was established, this baseline is used as starting point and performance on the project is also measured. This technique is used during the project execution when the project is on track. Cost Performance Baseline costs compared and variances are shown between these two variances. Earned Value Management (EVM) technique is used to monitor the IT projects in some ways as other projects. For the effective performance measurement EVM has proven itself and also feedback tool to manage the projects.EVM also informs us that where the project is and its comparison with the proposed project. Value of accumulated cost is also measured by the EVM as the amount of work and amount spent on it. PERT Analysis Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) back to its history was used to control the large complex projects in USA. PERT has become now the combination of the Critical Path Method (CPM) and is thus know as the PERT/CPM. For project in discussion Pert Chart is a five step process. Identifying the all tasks for the entire project i.e. planning to execution of the product. Amount of work required to complete the each task in development of the product. Identifying the immediate predecessor tasks. Entering each task in PERT/CPM chart. Calculating the time and duration based on the resources and durations. In above tasks first two tasks are always manual and completed in brainstorming session. Last three tasks are interacted with MS Project. The best advantage of the PERT is used for the most probable effort for the tasks. We want to know the ways of estimating the effort for each task. Pessimistic, most likely and optimistic estimates are combined together into a single value which gives the expected effort for the task. A weight average simply ensures that any deviation from the optimistic or pessimistic estimates is not so much effective to take away the duration from expected duration. These estimated are more valuable when right people are involved in it. First task needed the two days and second one 1 day each with two people working. We can say that first task requires the 4 person-days of work and second task needed two. Three kinds of dependencies are found during the third task. These dependencies include the (1) project mandatory (2) external mandatory (3) discretionary. It is clear that start of the new task depends upon the success or output of previous task. External dependencies are due to non-project occurrences for example the arrival of the new hardware and interface definition of another project. Discretionary dependencies are troublesome. These dependencies are based on the flexibilities which are used to build the schedule; but also add some complexities. When all rearranging and juggling is completed and hand written information is transferred to computer based applications like MS project. Toggling between views optimistic pessimistic Calculating the Pert Entering the weight for PERT calculation Entering the durations of optimistic, pessimistic and expected in one sheet Entering the durations of optimistic, pessimistic and expected Figure 4: Pert Analysis in MS project We have found that PERT methodology has number of limitations. The first problem lies in calculating the accurate estimates of duration of tasks. When a single dominant path is selected then it yields very accurate results. In case when there are number of parallel paths then it gives overly optimistic estimation. It is recommended that classical PERT model for the quantitative for the risk analysis when you require the accurate estimation for the optimistic, pessimistic and most like durations and our project has a dominant path through the entire network. Conclusions In this report we have discussed the project scheduling, planning and analysis methodologies, modeling concepts and analysis technique using the Microsoft Project. Delivering the IT projects on time and budget is very critical to companies success and their effective management of scheduling. The concept of WBS is an essential part of this report which has determined the scope of our project. Activities and tasks with allocated time and budget are also discussed in this report. For these tasks and activities Gantt chart makes a best visual representation and used to manage and track the changes in schedule. Earned Value Management (EVM) is a best tool to measure the progress of the project. PERT analysis is also a major part of this report to represent the tasks and durations using the MS Project.

Narrators Role in Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and Kerouacs On The R

Narrator's Role in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby and Kerouac's On The Road Over the last fifty years, since the release of On The Road in 1957, it has not been uncommon for critics to draw parallels between Kerouac’s semi-autobiographical novel and Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, released thirty-two years previously. It is for certain that both the novels share many similar traits, both examine concepts of American ideals and The American Dream, both are heavily influenced by the jazz age of the time, but nothing binds the novels closer to one another than the authors’ use of the first person narrative and that narrators relationship with their leading character. It is perhaps the most common reading to see both Jay Gatsby and Dean Moriarty awarded iconic status by their corresponding narrators. The connotations concerning the epithet found in the very centre of Fitzgerald’s title alone can bring an image to the reader’s mind of one of history’s great leaders, putting Gatsby in league with characters such as Alexander the Great, Catherine the Great, Peter the Great and Frederick the Great. It would seem obvious from the title that Gatsby is one beheld with admiration and respect by the narrator. The relationship between Kerouac’s Sal Paradise and Dean Moriarty is often viewed in much the same light. The importance of Dean to Sal is visible from his very first paragraph, where he states that, â€Å"the coming of Dean Moriarty began the part of my life you could call my life on the road†. Within a short time period, Sal allows his life to be turned in a completely different direction by someone who is basically a stranger. This willingness to uproot and follow somebody else’s lifestyle pays a great complim... ... with the door flapping, and roar off to the next available spot, arc, pop in, brake, out, run. It would be easy to substitute the car in this instance with a woman to come up with a justifiable description of Dean’s attitude towards women. Just in the way Sal admires and enthuses about his car-parking abilities, describing him as, â€Å"†¦the most fantastic parking-lot attendant in the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Sal admirers and enthuses about his sex life. In 1991, Eagleton published an essay with a Marxist sentiment declaring that, much like Nick, â€Å"Sal is suffering from ideology – a false consciousness that is imposed on them by the hegemonic social order†. This adds to the link between the two narrators concerning their feelings towards their leading characters; in particular the manner in which they both admire the achievements made by Gatsby or Dean in their love lives.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE Essay

1. Who benefits from the government policies to (a) promote production of ethanol and (b) place tariff barriers on imports of sugar cane? Who suffers as a result of these policies? ANS: Benefiters in promoting production of ethanol: -Corn producers. They get subsidies from the government and get a free way of marketing from the government. The government promotes consumption of ethanol, ethanol is produced out of corn, so indirect marketing for corn farmers that will get more demand out of policies that promote ethanol. -Ethanol sellers. -People all around the world. As to be seen in the direction of global warming, you can say that using ethanol is better. But using ethanol leads to increasing food prices. So there is a negative and a positive side. -Businesses. If farmers get subsidies from the government they can lower their price. If farmers lower their price, the production to produce ethanol becomes cheaper thus making ethanol cheaper. Businesses that use ethanol will have a cheaper price, reducing costs and increasing profits. -The Government. In a democratic society we are seeing right now that a lot of people go green. When going green the government is trying to let you know that he cares about the world and he wants to make it better. It is a win win situation because there are no people in our opinion that are opposed in going green, but they are a lot of followers and possible followers that support an environmental friendly world. Benefiters in placing tariff barriers on imports of sugar cane: -The Gove rnment. They get all the money out of these tariffs. Sufferers as a result of these policies: -Countries that produce sugar for a living. Profit goes dramatically down when talking about a 25 to 50% import tariff. -Countries that set import tariffs for sugar. Countries that produce sugar can have put import tariffs themselves as protection against the country that has an import tariff on them. And countries that produce sugar can consider other possibilities when exporting their product to another country. They can acknowledge that it is not in their best interest to produce products to a land where import tariffs are so ridiculously high. They can see other possible solutions. 2.  One estimate suggests that if food prices rise by one third, they will reduce living standards in rich countries by about 3 percent, but in very poor ones by about 20 percent. According to the International Food Policy Research Institute, unless policies change, cereal prices will rise by 10 to 20 percent by 2015, and the expansion of bio-fuel production could reduce calorie intake by 2 to 8 perc ent by 2020 in many of the world’s poorest nations. Should rich countries do anything about this potential problem? If so,what? ANS: Rich countries should not give any subsidies to the bio-fuel corn farmers. They should decrease import tariffs so that it can be cheaper for countries that produce sugar (and so they can make bio-fuel out of sugar) thus increasing the amount of sugar that countries can export. They should develop new ideas in how they can attack environmental changes through cost-effective ways. 3. The argument for giving subsidies to ethanol producers rests upon the assumption that ethanol results in lower CO2 emissions than gasoline and therefore benefits the environment. If we accept that global warming is a serious problem in itself, should we not be encouraging government to increase such subsidies? What are the arguments for and against doing so? On balance, what do you think is the best policy? ANS: When the government started to subsidies farmers who grow crops. So they could turn them into bio – fuels ( primarily corn and soy beans ). More farmers where now planting crops, because then they got subsidies from the government. It’s also very good for th e environment. But it also has a negative side. When more farmers where planting crops. There was an dramatic effect on the demand for corn and soy beans. It increased very fast that in 2007 the U.S was responsible for half the global increase for the demand on crops. But when this happened the high tariffs where shutting out producers of the product sugar cane. So they could compete with the other products because the prices were so high. And that’s very unfortunately because sugar cane is an more friendly environment material than crops and soy beans. I think the best policy is to reduce the high tariffs on the other products. Because the sugar cane is even more environment friendly. And isn’t that what it’s all about, reducing the global warming effect. So I think they should drop the high tariffs and introduce the sugar cane.

buy custom Transactional Model of Communication essay

buy custom Transactional Model of Communication essay Communication is an act of passing information from one person to another. It is important, therefore, that one ensures that the receiver is in a position to get the message (Balmud 2008, pp. 47-52). The feedback one gets from the receiver makes it easy to know whether effective communication has occurred. We communicate during all our life, sometimes even without knowing it. Several obstacles may arise in the process of communication. These include anxiety, lack of preparation, and sexual harassment among others. Life is full of such situations. Many people will experience such scenarios at least once in a while (Schramm 1954, pp. 5-15). Most of human beings feel that it is easy to communicate; people feel that they are always able to make good communication to the people around. Unfortunately, it is not that easy. Communication needs a lot of preparation (Schramm 1954, pp. 5-15). People should be ready to communicate even in very difficult moments. Still, they must never assume tha t they have been able to communicate what they wanted to. As such, persons should be ready to evaluate the feedback from the recipients. A good feedback should be what they must use to determine how good they are in communication. Description of the situation In my experience, I have been in places, where I have wanted to convey a certain message but was unable to. Sometimes, I have been disappointed, when several people want to convey certain messages, very crucial, but are interrupted in the course of doing so. About a month ago, I went to a certain restaurant within the city. I wanted to do deliveries for vegetables, and also get the payment for earlier deliveries. I found out that the management had changed and new people had been put in place. Though, I had done this many months before, I was suddenly uneasy. The manager in charge of supplies was new to me. This meant that I had to give the details of who I was, why I wanted to see him. The meeting took a short time. Anxiety grew within me and I could not convey the necessary information with ease. After the session was over, the supply manager was suspicious of who I really was. He had many questions that he wanted me to answer in another session. Analysis of the situation Having been in the business for long, I had never figured out that management would change. I never prepared for changes, assuming that communication would always be easy. That specific day proved that I have never made good preparations as far as communication is concerned. Communication, as I had assumed, could have never been hindered. However, this was a wrong assumption. I needed to make ajustments even before I headed for the restaurant that specific day. However, I do believe that the manager would have given me the chance to explain all the information that he needed to know. I believe that he jumped into the conclusion of who I was. Having been very regular in the premises, as I explained to him, he would have taken his time to listen to me. However, that was not the case. He felt that I was not to be trusted as much as I explained myself to him. At the end of the day, I went home disappointed that I had not been able to gain trust from the manager. I also think that use of several words by the supplies management made it hard for me to communicate the message. He asked me why I had not been wise to consult him before I went into the premises. The use of the words not wise acted as a barrier for me. I felt that the words were incorrect. I could not use wrong words to counter the words, yet I had to communicate effectively. Faced with this, I withdrew much of the information I wanted to convey. Solution to the problem Following the poor communication that occurred that day, I had to get another session to convey the message that I meant to on that specific day. For one, I had to sit down and assess the situation in details. The recipient had not received the message after all. I, therefore, chose to do enough preparation for the next session. I wrote down the main points I wanted to convey and ensured that I mastered them. First, I had to explain who I was and the past experiences I had had with the restaurant. I also had to ensure that the message was brief, yet carried all the details of what exactly I wanted from the management. My attitude also had to change. I had to ensure that I should be ready to communicate, even in the place where the unexpected scenarios occurred. The other factor I had to consider was the fact that the audience had changed. This meant that the language had to change; I had to use a different approach this time. I had to present the information in a way that the supplies management could understand. It meant that several key words had to be used so that the message would be conveyed effectively. In the next session, communication was easy. The feedback was positive, thanks to the confidence I portrayed on the meeting. I was able to use correct words and was very keen to ensure that I was precise. The supplies manager was satisfied that I was the right person to continue delivering in their premises. More so, I was able to answer all the questions that the manager asked. I had anticipated some of the questions, while some were totally unexpected. However, coupled with confidence, I ga ve very satisfactoory answers. Communication calls for any given person to be accurate and precise (Balmud 2008, pp. 48-53). Some details need to be avoided, while others retained. This demands enough preparation and assessment of situation at hand. The audience also differs and must be handled differently. One must consider the exact words to use before even communicating to given audiences. In my case scenario, I was never prepared for a different audience. I did not have the exact words to approach the situation. The experience that one has had in communication may interfere with the ability of the person to make effective communication in future. This, then, calls for psychological preparation so that one is able to face the situation at hand in a whole different way. In my experience, I had to ensure that I would get to deal with the psychological problems that the experience created. I had to ensure that I was looking at the management without fear and anxiety. Other obstacles that can occur during communication include anger, sadness among other psychological barriers (Balmud 2008, pp. 47-52). In my situation, our communication occurs in face-to-face channel, and according to this channel I maynt able to hide my sudden reactions maybe anger by the managers choice of words. Remember Visual and Vocal codes are almost 70% of our communication. This would have meant loss of focus in the exact information I wanted to convey. I could also have used incorrect language and words in the very momen t of anger and disappointment. Another scenario would have been stereotypical attitudes from the management. He could have formed a wrong opinion on my personality, and as such fail to give me another opportunity to communicate effectively. All these barriers to communication must be addressed. The attitudes must change towards ensuring effective communication occurs. The noise levels must be minimal, and, at the same time, have the correct language to ensure effective communication occurs. Effective communication is far much more important than anything else in the world. To ensure that people get good feedback every time they are passing across any information is of great importance. It is important, therefore, to learn the dynamics of good communication. It is important to ensure that people will have received with gladness what others were communicating. I realized that poor communication is very expensive. I would have well lost the opportunity to make business transactions in future. I had to overcome the barriers that I was faced with so that communication was enhanced in the future. The easier any individual is able to overcome the obstacles, the easier for them to make progress in effective communication. Buy custom Transactional Model of Communication essay

Shrek Essay Example

Shrek Essay Example Shrek Paper Shrek Paper Essay Topic: Film Shrek is a comical animated fairytale based variously on literary archetypes and Disney-esque tropes. However, this fairy tale theme has been subverted using numerous presentational devices throughout the film, in many different ways. I am going to explain thoroughly how this is revised and shown in the film. At the opening of the film, the audience is led to believe that this is different than a traditional fairy tale. It starts off with an old distinguished story book, opening to reveal a traditional style fairy tale. The historic style of font, picturesque illustrations, and general gentle setting, lead to the preconception that it is another archetypal tale. With the traditional story book phrases, such as Once upon a time and conventional storylines such as The princess was locked in the highest room of the tallest tower, awaiting true love and true loves first kiss. Near the end of the short fairy tale, a large green hand rips the last page out of the book. Comically implying he used the page as toilet paper, based on the mise en scene and editing of Shrek emerging from an outhouse after tearing out the page and the sound of diegetic flushing. This kind of behaviour would not be shown in an archetypal fairy tale, leading the audience to see this is not the type of story they were expecting. The main character, Shrek, is an ogre. This is a clear subversion of a fairy story, as the main character, or hero, tends to be a handsome prince. It is also a subversion of his character as traditionally ogres are brutal, cruel and most importantly, of evil temperament. However also in the beginning Shrek is seen behaving in a human fashion. His habitat is quite homely and domesticated and is even shown performing a human cleansing ritual involving brushing his teeth and even having breakfast. This immediately alerts the audience or at least makes them suspicious, that Shrek must surely be a positive character as he is acting like an approachable human being and not a man eating ogre. However, a little later in the film, Shrek is seen confronting a gang of villagers who are trying to ambush him at his home. Suddenly his character seems a lot more sinister, as he uses traditional archetypal ogre threats, (such as Ill grind your bones to make my bread). But instead of carrying out his threats, he simply tells them to run away. Then terrifyingly roars in the faces of the villagers. This is shown by a close up of Shreks open mouth with food encrusted teeth. This adds to the traditional image of a disgusting ogre, unlike the humanised character we saw in the first scene. The two different sides of him revealed here show that he is a conflicted character. Torn between acting like a traditional ogre and a human character, these parallel images are reflected throughout most of the film. The presentational devices used in this chapter of the film help show this subversion as traditionally an ogre would not show any human characteristics at all and would not doubt the content of his own nature. During his travels, Shrek is introduced to Donkey. They meet when Donkey is pursued by a gang of soldiers and Shrek scares them away. Donkey is grateful and begins to chat to Shrek in a friendly manner. Shrek clearly struggles with the idea that someone does not judge him as a traditional ogre but as a human. Shreks character is more aggressive towards Donkey as he evidently doesnt know how to deal with the situation. This again shows Shreks conflicted character and how he finds it difficult to cope with not being judged on first impressions. Later on, Shrek and Donkey go on a quest issued by Lord Farquaad to rescue the Princess Fiona. When found, the princess appears to be another archetype; the beautiful damsel in distress, waiting to be rescued. However all is not as it seems, as later she is seen performing unladylike actions, such as burping and violently attacking a gang of men who mistakenly attempt to rescue her. The princesss role in a traditional animated fairy tale is to be a weak, beautiful, innocent, damsel in distress. This completely shows the misogynist viewpoint of male/ female roles in fairy tales. Lord Farquaad has all the aspects of a heroic character with his large castle and kingdom, riches and the fact that he wants a princess as his bride. However, his first impression and the actions he is seen doing persuade the audience otherwise. When we first meet lord farquaad, the presentational skills and devices used create a sinister, negative impression of him straightaway. A low angle shot is used to make him appear large and intimidating while he strides down a corridor. The dim background lighting and harsh marching music also add to the daunting effect of the scene. Even his first actions seem chilling, as he is precisely putting on his gloves showing that he means business. After this scene, he is shown torturing another character, the Gingerbread Man, for information. He even threatens the Magic Mirror to make him into a king. After hearing the mirrors solution to marry a princess, he then hires someone else to recue her for him. These are not things an archetypal hero would do at all, in fact, he shows more of the characteristics of a villain; again subverting the stereotypical tale. When Shrek and Donkey visit Duloc, more presentational devices are used in favour of Lord Farquaad. When Shrek and Donkey are discussing with Lord Farquaad the nature of the quest, Lord Farquaad is on a balcony far above them. A low angle shot is used to make him more impressive and show his higher status from the other characters. This was also cut to another shot of a close up behind lord Farquaad, creating a mise en- scene and making him seem bigger and therefore more important in comparison with Shrek. These presentational devices accurately help show the difference in status between characters, establishing their direct contrast to one another. In conclusion, the presentational devices used in Shrek help subvert the archetypal fairy tale through many aspects. Firstly, the use of low angle shots helps to establish status and contrast between characters and even with the characters themselves. For example, a close up of a characters face helps to display their emotions to more accurately. The themed background music used also helps to create a certain atmosphere or setting for a particular character, helping the audience perceive a character easily. Overall, the use of presentational devices in the film Shrek, assist in subverting the generic conventions of traditional fairy tales in a humorous and easy viewing way for the audience.

Argumentative Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Argumentative - Assignment Example In this paper therefore I will be summarising the arguments of both sides on the sticky abortion discourse. America’s constitution has legalised abortion; it may not be in our Bill of Rights or even the constitution itself but privacy is a right well enumerated. In the case of Roe vs. Wade of 1973 the Supreme Court ruled in favour of abortion in the 1st trimester. Following the ruling, more than thirty five million individuals in America have procured legal abortions. Today well over twenty four percent of America’s pregnancies are terminated and out of these, forty-percent are abortions by teenagers. But just because the act of abortion is now legal in America doest necessarily mean it the right thing to do. It will be remembered that over one hundred fifty years ago, slavery was legal but the truth remains that it was inhumane and has been right (Rosenthal, 2007). According to the thinking of the pro-choice group, the mother’s right of choosing must come before any other thing including even human life. There argument is strongly based on the fact that every woman has a right to chose what to do with their bodies and refer to the Roe vs. Wade, 1973 case. They also invoke issues to with the physical safety of mothers; where a mother’s life is put to danger by the pregnancy the abortion should be preferred. The prochoice group also believes abortion is justifiable where the pregnancy was conceived out of rape or incest. Their narrative is that a child conceived out rape may keep reminding the mother of the horrible incident while that conceived of incest may suffer mental retardation or be handicapped. Above all the pro-choice argument on abortion is hinged on the mother’s basic human rights. By arguing that the women’s right of choice should be respected they invoke also issues of privacy as was the court ruling in Roe vs. Wade case. Privacy is

Dance Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dance Paper - Essay Example ce also occurs in various forms like the jazz walk, the toe rise, the pirouettes, the ball change, the pivot step, and the contraction, which is characterized by a contracted torso, a back curved outward and the pelvis pulled forward. Jazz dance occurs in repetitive forms characterized by syncopated rhythm, or an interruption of the regular dance rhythm, which is characteristic of the rebellious character and distinct identity of jazz dance (Feliksdal, 2004). Overall, the elements of jazz dance help to create a type of dance that is full of energy and at the same time revealing the themes of surprise and rebellion through its syncopated rhythm. On the other hand, ice dancing, is made up of the long, short, continuous and tranverse axes. The continuous axis is the most important as this is the â€Å"imaginary line running around the ice surface that serves as the basis for the dance pattern,† and which are joined at each end by a semi-circle (General Terminology, 2012). This is the strict path of the ice dance. The forms are creative but formally and gracefully executed. These include the lifts where the man will hold the lady high and in a creative manner. There are also spins, where the couple or the lady rotates at least three revolutions and changes feet positions. Moreover, there are twizzles, where the ice dancers turn at least four revolutions while moving across the ice (Farris, 2012). These forms then repeat in several patterns. Original steppings as well as positions and timings may be set but the dancing couple may modify the spins, lifts and twizzles, and may modify the starting positions or location of t he dance relative to the axis (General Terminology, 2012). Overall, the elements of the ice dance help each other create a dance of numerous creative and graceful moves but with strict discipline. When it comes to the general characteristic of the dance, modern dance usually focuses on the â€Å"natural and spontaneous or uninhibited,† which means that